In Switzerland, the primary responsibility for education is vested in 26 cantons, who engage in national-level coordination to facilitate their efforts. In the realm of post-compulsory education, both the cantons and the federal government assume distinct roles and share the collective duty of overseeing various educational tiers. The process of Swiss nation-building transpired through a gradual amalgamation of autonomous cantons into a confederation. According to Rosenmund (2011), the Swiss cantons assert a significant level of sovereignty, particularly in the realm of education. The formation of Switzerland as a federal state occurred in 1848. Following multiple unsuccessful endeavours to standardize the educational system at a national level, the Federal Constitution of 1874 introduced the implementation of mandatory elementary school attendance. The formation of a political entity known as the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education (EDK) was resolved by the cantonal ministers of education in 1898. The resolutions, as mentioned previously, lacked legal enforceability, allowing each canton to retain unrestrained control over education (ibid.).
The implementation of international agreements, commonly referred to as concordats by the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education (EDK), was a significant milestone in Swiss educational policy. The aforementioned accords have been a fundamental element of Swiss educational policy since their inception. A concordat holds legal validity for the canton that elects to enter into it, either through a parliamentary decision or a popular vote within the canton. Its implementation occurs once a specific number of cantons, as stipulated by the concordat itself, have ratified it.
The initial concordat, ratified in 1970 by the Swiss Conference of Cantonal Ministers of Education (EDK), encompassed fundamental provisions regarding mandatory schooling and possessed legal enforceability for the majority of cantons, specifically 25 out of the total 26, that chose to endorse it. Subsequently, educational policy in Switzerland has been enacted through two distinct channels: the federal constitution at the national level, and concordats at the inter-cantonal level.
Hence, in accordance with the regulations of Zug Kanton, a lawful educational institution refers to an organization that has obtained official authorization from Zug Kanton to operate, thereby ensuring its acknowledgement and obtaining comprehensive organizational and programmatic certification to guarantee the educational standards upheld by the institution.
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